| 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673 | /* *	linux/arch/alpha/kernel/sys_dp264.c * *	Copyright (C) 1995 David A Rusling *	Copyright (C) 1996, 1999 Jay A Estabrook *	Copyright (C) 1998, 1999 Richard Henderson * *	Modified by Christopher C. Chimelis, 2001 to *	add support for the addition of Shark to the *	Tsunami family. * * Code supporting the DP264 (EV6+TSUNAMI). */#include <linux/kernel.h>#include <linux/types.h>#include <linux/mm.h>#include <linux/sched.h>#include <linux/pci.h>#include <linux/init.h>#include <linux/bitops.h>#include <asm/ptrace.h>#include <asm/dma.h>#include <asm/irq.h>#include <asm/mmu_context.h>#include <asm/io.h>#include <asm/pgtable.h>#include <asm/core_tsunami.h>#include <asm/hwrpb.h>#include <asm/tlbflush.h>#include "proto.h"#include "irq_impl.h"#include "pci_impl.h"#include "machvec_impl.h"/* Note mask bit is true for ENABLED irqs.  */static unsigned long cached_irq_mask;/* dp264 boards handle at max four CPUs */static unsigned long cpu_irq_affinity[4] = { 0UL, 0UL, 0UL, 0UL };DEFINE_SPINLOCK(dp264_irq_lock);static voidtsunami_update_irq_hw(unsigned long mask){	register tsunami_cchip *cchip = TSUNAMI_cchip;	unsigned long isa_enable = 1UL << 55;	register int bcpu = boot_cpuid;#ifdef CONFIG_SMP	volatile unsigned long *dim0, *dim1, *dim2, *dim3;	unsigned long mask0, mask1, mask2, mask3, dummy;	mask &= ~isa_enable;	mask0 = mask & cpu_irq_affinity[0];	mask1 = mask & cpu_irq_affinity[1];	mask2 = mask & cpu_irq_affinity[2];	mask3 = mask & cpu_irq_affinity[3];	if (bcpu == 0) mask0 |= isa_enable;	else if (bcpu == 1) mask1 |= isa_enable;	else if (bcpu == 2) mask2 |= isa_enable;	else mask3 |= isa_enable;	dim0 = &cchip->dim0.csr;	dim1 = &cchip->dim1.csr;	dim2 = &cchip->dim2.csr;	dim3 = &cchip->dim3.csr;	if (!cpu_possible(0)) dim0 = &dummy;	if (!cpu_possible(1)) dim1 = &dummy;	if (!cpu_possible(2)) dim2 = &dummy;	if (!cpu_possible(3)) dim3 = &dummy;	*dim0 = mask0;	*dim1 = mask1;	*dim2 = mask2;	*dim3 = mask3;	mb();	*dim0;	*dim1;	*dim2;	*dim3;#else	volatile unsigned long *dimB;	if (bcpu == 0) dimB = &cchip->dim0.csr;	else if (bcpu == 1) dimB = &cchip->dim1.csr;	else if (bcpu == 2) dimB = &cchip->dim2.csr;	else dimB = &cchip->dim3.csr;	*dimB = mask | isa_enable;	mb();	*dimB;#endif}static voiddp264_enable_irq(struct irq_data *d){	spin_lock(&dp264_irq_lock);	cached_irq_mask |= 1UL << d->irq;	tsunami_update_irq_hw(cached_irq_mask);	spin_unlock(&dp264_irq_lock);}static voiddp264_disable_irq(struct irq_data *d){	spin_lock(&dp264_irq_lock);	cached_irq_mask &= ~(1UL << d->irq);	tsunami_update_irq_hw(cached_irq_mask);	spin_unlock(&dp264_irq_lock);}static voidclipper_enable_irq(struct irq_data *d){	spin_lock(&dp264_irq_lock);	cached_irq_mask |= 1UL << (d->irq - 16);	tsunami_update_irq_hw(cached_irq_mask);	spin_unlock(&dp264_irq_lock);}static voidclipper_disable_irq(struct irq_data *d){	spin_lock(&dp264_irq_lock);	cached_irq_mask &= ~(1UL << (d->irq - 16));	tsunami_update_irq_hw(cached_irq_mask);	spin_unlock(&dp264_irq_lock);}static voidcpu_set_irq_affinity(unsigned int irq, cpumask_t affinity){	int cpu;	for (cpu = 0; cpu < 4; cpu++) {		unsigned long aff = cpu_irq_affinity[cpu];		if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &affinity))			aff |= 1UL << irq;		else			aff &= ~(1UL << irq);		cpu_irq_affinity[cpu] = aff;	}}static intdp264_set_affinity(struct irq_data *d, const struct cpumask *affinity,		   bool force){	spin_lock(&dp264_irq_lock);	cpu_set_irq_affinity(d->irq, *affinity);	tsunami_update_irq_hw(cached_irq_mask);	spin_unlock(&dp264_irq_lock);	return 0;}static intclipper_set_affinity(struct irq_data *d, const struct cpumask *affinity,		     bool force){	spin_lock(&dp264_irq_lock);	cpu_set_irq_affinity(d->irq - 16, *affinity);	tsunami_update_irq_hw(cached_irq_mask);	spin_unlock(&dp264_irq_lock);	return 0;}static struct irq_chip dp264_irq_type = {	.name			= "DP264",	.irq_unmask		= dp264_enable_irq,	.irq_mask		= dp264_disable_irq,	.irq_mask_ack		= dp264_disable_irq,	.irq_set_affinity	= dp264_set_affinity,};static struct irq_chip clipper_irq_type = {	.name			= "CLIPPER",	.irq_unmask		= clipper_enable_irq,	.irq_mask		= clipper_disable_irq,	.irq_mask_ack		= clipper_disable_irq,	.irq_set_affinity	= clipper_set_affinity,};static voiddp264_device_interrupt(unsigned long vector){#if 1	printk("dp264_device_interrupt: NOT IMPLEMENTED YET!!\n");#else	unsigned long pld;	unsigned int i;	/* Read the interrupt summary register of TSUNAMI */	pld = TSUNAMI_cchip->dir0.csr;	/*	 * Now for every possible bit set, work through them and call	 * the appropriate interrupt handler.	 */	while (pld) {		i = ffz(~pld);		pld &= pld - 1; /* clear least bit set */		if (i == 55)			isa_device_interrupt(vector);		else			handle_irq(16 + i);#if 0		TSUNAMI_cchip->dir0.csr = 1UL << i; mb();		tmp = TSUNAMI_cchip->dir0.csr;#endif	}#endif}static void dp264_srm_device_interrupt(unsigned long vector){	int irq;	irq = (vector - 0x800) >> 4;	/*	 * The SRM console reports PCI interrupts with a vector calculated by:	 *	 *	0x900 + (0x10 * DRIR-bit)	 *	 * So bit 16 shows up as IRQ 32, etc.	 * 	 * On DP264/BRICK/MONET, we adjust it down by 16 because at least	 * that many of the low order bits of the DRIR are not used, and	 * so we don't count them.	 */	if (irq >= 32)		irq -= 16;	handle_irq(irq);}static void clipper_srm_device_interrupt(unsigned long vector){	int irq;	irq = (vector - 0x800) >> 4;/*	 * The SRM console reports PCI interrupts with a vector calculated by:	 *	 *	0x900 + (0x10 * DRIR-bit)	 *	 * So bit 16 shows up as IRQ 32, etc.	 * 	 * CLIPPER uses bits 8-47 for PCI interrupts, so we do not need	 * to scale down the vector reported, we just use it.	 *	 * Eg IRQ 24 is DRIR bit 8, etc, etc	 */	handle_irq(irq);}static void __initinit_tsunami_irqs(struct irq_chip * ops, int imin, int imax){	long i;	for (i = imin; i <= imax; ++i) {		irq_set_chip_and_handler(i, ops, handle_level_irq);		irq_set_status_flags(i, IRQ_LEVEL);	}}static void __initdp264_init_irq(void){	outb(0, DMA1_RESET_REG);	outb(0, DMA2_RESET_REG);	outb(DMA_MODE_CASCADE, DMA2_MODE_REG);	outb(0, DMA2_MASK_REG);	if (alpha_using_srm)		alpha_mv.device_interrupt = dp264_srm_device_interrupt;	tsunami_update_irq_hw(0);	init_i8259a_irqs();	init_tsunami_irqs(&dp264_irq_type, 16, 47);}static void __initclipper_init_irq(void){	outb(0, DMA1_RESET_REG);	outb(0, DMA2_RESET_REG);	outb(DMA_MODE_CASCADE, DMA2_MODE_REG);	outb(0, DMA2_MASK_REG);	if (alpha_using_srm)		alpha_mv.device_interrupt = clipper_srm_device_interrupt;	tsunami_update_irq_hw(0);	init_i8259a_irqs();	init_tsunami_irqs(&clipper_irq_type, 24, 63);}/* * PCI Fixup configuration. * * Summary @ TSUNAMI_CSR_DIM0: * Bit      Meaning * 0-17     Unused *18        Interrupt SCSI B (Adaptec 7895 builtin) *19        Interrupt SCSI A (Adaptec 7895 builtin) *20        Interrupt Line D from slot 2 PCI0 *21        Interrupt Line C from slot 2 PCI0 *22        Interrupt Line B from slot 2 PCI0 *23        Interrupt Line A from slot 2 PCI0 *24        Interrupt Line D from slot 1 PCI0 *25        Interrupt Line C from slot 1 PCI0 *26        Interrupt Line B from slot 1 PCI0 *27        Interrupt Line A from slot 1 PCI0 *28        Interrupt Line D from slot 0 PCI0 *29        Interrupt Line C from slot 0 PCI0 *30        Interrupt Line B from slot 0 PCI0 *31        Interrupt Line A from slot 0 PCI0 * *32        Interrupt Line D from slot 3 PCI1 *33        Interrupt Line C from slot 3 PCI1 *34        Interrupt Line B from slot 3 PCI1 *35        Interrupt Line A from slot 3 PCI1 *36        Interrupt Line D from slot 2 PCI1 *37        Interrupt Line C from slot 2 PCI1 *38        Interrupt Line B from slot 2 PCI1 *39        Interrupt Line A from slot 2 PCI1 *40        Interrupt Line D from slot 1 PCI1 *41        Interrupt Line C from slot 1 PCI1 *42        Interrupt Line B from slot 1 PCI1 *43        Interrupt Line A from slot 1 PCI1 *44        Interrupt Line D from slot 0 PCI1 *45        Interrupt Line C from slot 0 PCI1 *46        Interrupt Line B from slot 0 PCI1 *47        Interrupt Line A from slot 0 PCI1 *48-52     Unused *53        PCI0 NMI (from Cypress) *54        PCI0 SMI INT (from Cypress) *55        PCI0 ISA Interrupt (from Cypress) *56-60     Unused *61        PCI1 Bus Error *62        PCI0 Bus Error *63        Reserved * * IdSel	 *   5	 Cypress Bridge I/O *   6	 SCSI Adaptec builtin *   7	 64 bit PCI option slot 0 (all busses) *   8	 64 bit PCI option slot 1 (all busses) *   9	 64 bit PCI option slot 2 (all busses) *  10	 64 bit PCI option slot 3 (not bus 0) */static int __initisa_irq_fixup(const struct pci_dev *dev, int irq){	u8 irq8;	if (irq > 0)		return irq;	/* This interrupt is routed via ISA bridge, so we'll	   just have to trust whatever value the console might	   have assigned.  */	pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE, &irq8);	return irq8 & 0xf;}static int __initdp264_map_irq(const struct pci_dev *dev, u8 slot, u8 pin){	static char irq_tab[6][5] __initdata = {		/*INT    INTA   INTB   INTC   INTD */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 5 ISA Bridge */		{ 16+ 3, 16+ 3, 16+ 2, 16+ 2, 16+ 2}, /* IdSel 6 SCSI builtin*/		{ 16+15, 16+15, 16+14, 16+13, 16+12}, /* IdSel 7 slot 0 */		{ 16+11, 16+11, 16+10, 16+ 9, 16+ 8}, /* IdSel 8 slot 1 */		{ 16+ 7, 16+ 7, 16+ 6, 16+ 5, 16+ 4}, /* IdSel 9 slot 2 */		{ 16+ 3, 16+ 3, 16+ 2, 16+ 1, 16+ 0}  /* IdSel 10 slot 3 */	};	const long min_idsel = 5, max_idsel = 10, irqs_per_slot = 5;	struct pci_controller *hose = dev->sysdata;	int irq = COMMON_TABLE_LOOKUP;	if (irq > 0)		irq += 16 * hose->index;	return isa_irq_fixup(dev, irq);}static int __initmonet_map_irq(const struct pci_dev *dev, u8 slot, u8 pin){	static char irq_tab[13][5] __initdata = {		/*INT    INTA   INTB   INTC   INTD */		{    45,    45,    45,    45,    45}, /* IdSel 3 21143 PCI1 */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 4 unused */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 5 unused */		{    47,    47,    47,    47,    47}, /* IdSel 6 SCSI PCI1 */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 7 ISA Bridge */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 8 P2P PCI1 */#if 1		{    28,    28,    29,    30,    31}, /* IdSel 14 slot 4 PCI2*/		{    24,    24,    25,    26,    27}, /* IdSel 15 slot 5 PCI2*/#else		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 9 unused */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 10 unused */#endif		{    40,    40,    41,    42,    43}, /* IdSel 11 slot 1 PCI0*/		{    36,    36,    37,    38,    39}, /* IdSel 12 slot 2 PCI0*/		{    32,    32,    33,    34,    35}, /* IdSel 13 slot 3 PCI0*/		{    28,    28,    29,    30,    31}, /* IdSel 14 slot 4 PCI2*/		{    24,    24,    25,    26,    27}  /* IdSel 15 slot 5 PCI2*/	};	const long min_idsel = 3, max_idsel = 15, irqs_per_slot = 5;	return isa_irq_fixup(dev, COMMON_TABLE_LOOKUP);}static u8 __initmonet_swizzle(struct pci_dev *dev, u8 *pinp){	struct pci_controller *hose = dev->sysdata;	int slot, pin = *pinp;	if (!dev->bus->parent) {		slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);	}	/* Check for the built-in bridge on hose 1. */	else if (hose->index == 1 && PCI_SLOT(dev->bus->self->devfn) == 8) {		slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);	} else {		/* Must be a card-based bridge.  */		do {			/* Check for built-in bridge on hose 1. */			if (hose->index == 1 &&			    PCI_SLOT(dev->bus->self->devfn) == 8) {				slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);				break;			}			pin = pci_swizzle_interrupt_pin(dev, pin);			/* Move up the chain of bridges.  */			dev = dev->bus->self;			/* Slot of the next bridge.  */			slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);		} while (dev->bus->self);	}	*pinp = pin;	return slot;}static int __initwebbrick_map_irq(const struct pci_dev *dev, u8 slot, u8 pin){	static char irq_tab[13][5] __initdata = {		/*INT    INTA   INTB   INTC   INTD */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 7 ISA Bridge */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 8 unused */		{    29,    29,    29,    29,    29}, /* IdSel 9 21143 #1 */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 10 unused */		{    30,    30,    30,    30,    30}, /* IdSel 11 21143 #2 */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 12 unused */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}, /* IdSel 13 unused */		{    35,    35,    34,    33,    32}, /* IdSel 14 slot 0 */		{    39,    39,    38,    37,    36}, /* IdSel 15 slot 1 */		{    43,    43,    42,    41,    40}, /* IdSel 16 slot 2 */		{    47,    47,    46,    45,    44}, /* IdSel 17 slot 3 */	};	const long min_idsel = 7, max_idsel = 17, irqs_per_slot = 5;	return isa_irq_fixup(dev, COMMON_TABLE_LOOKUP);}static int __initclipper_map_irq(const struct pci_dev *dev, u8 slot, u8 pin){	static char irq_tab[7][5] __initdata = {		/*INT    INTA   INTB   INTC   INTD */		{ 16+ 8, 16+ 8, 16+ 9, 16+10, 16+11}, /* IdSel 1 slot 1 */		{ 16+12, 16+12, 16+13, 16+14, 16+15}, /* IdSel 2 slot 2 */		{ 16+16, 16+16, 16+17, 16+18, 16+19}, /* IdSel 3 slot 3 */		{ 16+20, 16+20, 16+21, 16+22, 16+23}, /* IdSel 4 slot 4 */		{ 16+24, 16+24, 16+25, 16+26, 16+27}, /* IdSel 5 slot 5 */		{ 16+28, 16+28, 16+29, 16+30, 16+31}, /* IdSel 6 slot 6 */		{    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1,    -1}  /* IdSel 7 ISA Bridge */	};	const long min_idsel = 1, max_idsel = 7, irqs_per_slot = 5;	struct pci_controller *hose = dev->sysdata;	int irq = COMMON_TABLE_LOOKUP;	if (irq > 0)		irq += 16 * hose->index;	return isa_irq_fixup(dev, irq);}static void __initdp264_init_pci(void){	common_init_pci();	SMC669_Init(0);	locate_and_init_vga(NULL);}static void __initmonet_init_pci(void){	common_init_pci();	SMC669_Init(1);	es1888_init();	locate_and_init_vga(NULL);}static void __initclipper_init_pci(void){	common_init_pci();	locate_and_init_vga(NULL);}static void __initwebbrick_init_arch(void){	tsunami_init_arch();	/* Tsunami caches 4 PTEs at a time; DS10 has only 1 hose. */	hose_head->sg_isa->align_entry = 4;	hose_head->sg_pci->align_entry = 4;}/* * The System Vectors */struct alpha_machine_vector dp264_mv __initmv = {	.vector_name		= "DP264",	DO_EV6_MMU,	DO_DEFAULT_RTC,	DO_TSUNAMI_IO,	.machine_check		= tsunami_machine_check,	.max_isa_dma_address	= ALPHA_MAX_ISA_DMA_ADDRESS,	.min_io_address		= DEFAULT_IO_BASE,	.min_mem_address	= DEFAULT_MEM_BASE,	.pci_dac_offset		= TSUNAMI_DAC_OFFSET,	.nr_irqs		= 64,	.device_interrupt	= dp264_device_interrupt,	.init_arch		= tsunami_init_arch,	.init_irq		= dp264_init_irq,	.init_rtc		= common_init_rtc,	.init_pci		= dp264_init_pci,	.kill_arch		= tsunami_kill_arch,	.pci_map_irq		= dp264_map_irq,	.pci_swizzle		= common_swizzle,};ALIAS_MV(dp264)struct alpha_machine_vector monet_mv __initmv = {	.vector_name		= "Monet",	DO_EV6_MMU,	DO_DEFAULT_RTC,	DO_TSUNAMI_IO,	.machine_check		= tsunami_machine_check,	.max_isa_dma_address	= ALPHA_MAX_ISA_DMA_ADDRESS,	.min_io_address		= DEFAULT_IO_BASE,	.min_mem_address	= DEFAULT_MEM_BASE,	.pci_dac_offset		= TSUNAMI_DAC_OFFSET,	.nr_irqs		= 64,	.device_interrupt	= dp264_device_interrupt,	.init_arch		= tsunami_init_arch,	.init_irq		= dp264_init_irq,	.init_rtc		= common_init_rtc,	.init_pci		= monet_init_pci,	.kill_arch		= tsunami_kill_arch,	.pci_map_irq		= monet_map_irq,	.pci_swizzle		= monet_swizzle,};struct alpha_machine_vector webbrick_mv __initmv = {	.vector_name		= "Webbrick",	DO_EV6_MMU,	DO_DEFAULT_RTC,	DO_TSUNAMI_IO,	.machine_check		= tsunami_machine_check,	.max_isa_dma_address	= ALPHA_MAX_ISA_DMA_ADDRESS,	.min_io_address		= DEFAULT_IO_BASE,	.min_mem_address	= DEFAULT_MEM_BASE,	.pci_dac_offset		= TSUNAMI_DAC_OFFSET,	.nr_irqs		= 64,	.device_interrupt	= dp264_device_interrupt,	.init_arch		= webbrick_init_arch,	.init_irq		= dp264_init_irq,	.init_rtc		= common_init_rtc,	.init_pci		= common_init_pci,	.kill_arch		= tsunami_kill_arch,	.pci_map_irq		= webbrick_map_irq,	.pci_swizzle		= common_swizzle,};struct alpha_machine_vector clipper_mv __initmv = {	.vector_name		= "Clipper",	DO_EV6_MMU,	DO_DEFAULT_RTC,	DO_TSUNAMI_IO,	.machine_check		= tsunami_machine_check,	.max_isa_dma_address	= ALPHA_MAX_ISA_DMA_ADDRESS,	.min_io_address		= DEFAULT_IO_BASE,	.min_mem_address	= DEFAULT_MEM_BASE,	.pci_dac_offset		= TSUNAMI_DAC_OFFSET,	.nr_irqs		= 64,	.device_interrupt	= dp264_device_interrupt,	.init_arch		= tsunami_init_arch,	.init_irq		= clipper_init_irq,	.init_rtc		= common_init_rtc,	.init_pci		= clipper_init_pci,	.kill_arch		= tsunami_kill_arch,	.pci_map_irq		= clipper_map_irq,	.pci_swizzle		= common_swizzle,};/* Sharks strongly resemble Clipper, at least as far * as interrupt routing, etc, so we're using the * same functions as Clipper does */struct alpha_machine_vector shark_mv __initmv = {	.vector_name		= "Shark",	DO_EV6_MMU,	DO_DEFAULT_RTC,	DO_TSUNAMI_IO,	.machine_check		= tsunami_machine_check,	.max_isa_dma_address	= ALPHA_MAX_ISA_DMA_ADDRESS,	.min_io_address		= DEFAULT_IO_BASE,	.min_mem_address	= DEFAULT_MEM_BASE,	.pci_dac_offset		= TSUNAMI_DAC_OFFSET,	.nr_irqs		= 64,	.device_interrupt	= dp264_device_interrupt,	.init_arch		= tsunami_init_arch,	.init_irq		= clipper_init_irq,	.init_rtc		= common_init_rtc,	.init_pci		= common_init_pci,	.kill_arch		= tsunami_kill_arch,	.pci_map_irq		= clipper_map_irq,	.pci_swizzle		= common_swizzle,};/* No alpha_mv alias for webbrick/monet/clipper, since we compile them   in unconditionally with DP264; setup_arch knows how to cope.  */
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